X-linked SCID, accounting for about 50-60% of SCID cases, is caused by IL-2 receptor γ chain mutations, which lead to very low numbers of T cells and NK cells, whereas B cells are present in high numbers. The B cells are immature and defective. IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) γ -chain (CD25) deficiency has also been reported. The γ chain of the receptor forms part of the receptor also for IL-2, -4, -7, -9, and -15, affecting the differentiation and growth of lymphocytes. The γ chain consists of an extracellular domain with WS motif, transmembrane region, as well as intracellular domain with Box1 and Box2 regions. Some 150 different mutations distributed in all the domains have been determined.
Alternative names
Scidx; XSCID
Scid, x-linked
Cytokine receptor common gamma chain
Agammaglobulinemia, swiss type
Thymic epithelial hypoplasia
Immunodeficiency 4; IMD4
Classification
- Combined B and T cell immunodeficiencies
- T-B+ SCID
Inheritance
X-linked
Incidence
1/200,000 births/year