The symptoms may vary widely. The most common findings are unexplained high fever, irritability, general pain, oedema, hepatosplenomegaly, cytopenia (thrombocytopenia, anemia). This macrophage activation syndrome occur after a healthy period of several months after the birth to more rarely several years, and is usually triggered by viral infection. Other early symptoms include skin rash, lymph node enlargement, and neurologic abnormalities (bulging fontanel, neck stiffness, hypotonia, hypertonia, convulsions, cranial nerve palsy, ataxia, hemiplagia/tetraplagia, blindness and unconsciousness).
Diagnosis
Diagnostic recommendations
Additional Information
Therapeutic options
- Treatment with epipodophyllotoxins, immunosuppressive agents, corticotherapy and anti thymocyte immunoglobulin (ATG) control macrophage activation and precede bone marrow transplantation. Intrathecal injections of methotrexate prevent or cure neuromeningeal disorders.
- Lymphohistiocytosis, eMedicine
- The Role of Blood and Marrow Transplantation as Treatment for Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)